Understanding the Connection Between Carotid Artery Disease & Heart Health

The Heart-Brain Connection

The carotid arteries and coronary arteries share similar risk factors, such as high cholesterol and hypertension. When plaque builds up in the carotid arteries, it’s highly likely that other arteries, including those supplying the heart, are also affected.

Increased Risk of Heart Attack & Stroke

Atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries is a warning sign of systemic vascular disease. Individuals with carotid artery stenosis are more likely to suffer from:

• Heart attacks due to reduced blood supply to the heart.
• Stroke is due to blood clots or plaques breaking off and blocking brain arteries.
• Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is another condition affecting blood circulation in the legs.

The same risk factors that contribute to heart disease also play a role in carotid artery disease. These include:

• High blood pressure (Hypertension) – Damages artery walls, leading to plaque formation.
• High cholesterol levels – Increases plaque deposits in arteries.
• Diabetes – Affects blood vessel health and accelerates atherosclerosis.
• Smoking – Narrows arteries and reduces oxygen supply.
• Obesity & Sedentary Lifestyle – Increases blood pressure and cholesterol.
• Family History – Genetic predisposition to arterial disease.
• Age – The risk increases with age, particularly over 60.

Carotid artery disease is often called a silent killer because it doesn’t always present symptoms until a major event, such as a stroke, occurs. However, early warning signs include:

• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – Temporary stroke-like symptoms, including vision problems, weakness, or difficulty speaking.
• Dizziness & Fainting – Due to reduced blood flow to the brain.
• Neck Pain or Pulsation – In severe cases of artery blockage.
• Memory Issues & Confusion – Due to lack of oxygen supply to the brain.

Early detection of carotid artery disease is crucial to prevent complications. Common diagnostic tools include:

1. Carotid Doppler Test – A non-invasive ultrasound test that assesses blood flow and plaque buildup. The carotid doppler test cost in India ranges from INR 1,500 to INR 4,000, depending on the facility.
2. CT Angiography (CTA) – Uses contrast dye and imaging to detect blockages.
3. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) – Provides detailed images of arteries without radiation.
4. Carotid Angiography – An invasive procedure that evaluates artery narrowing.
5. Blood Tests – These check cholesterol, blood sugar, and inflammation markers.

Lifestyle Modifications

The first step in managing carotid artery disease is making lifestyle changes:

• Healthy Diet – Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids.
• Regular Exercise – At least 30 minutes of moderate activity daily.
• Quit Smoking – Reduces plaque buildup and improves circulation.
• Manage Stress – Yoga, meditation, and relaxation techniques can help.

Medications

Doctors may prescribe:

• Statins to lower cholesterol levels.
• Blood Pressure Medications to control hypertension.
• Antiplatelet Drugs (e.g., aspirin) to prevent clot formation.

Medical & Surgical Treatments

For severe carotid artery blockage treatment, medical interventions include:

• Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) – Surgical removal of plaque buildup.
• Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) – A minimally invasive procedure where a stent is placed to keep the artery open.
• Balloon Angioplasty – Used in some cases to widen the artery.

Carotid artery stenosis treatment cost in India varies from INR 1,50,000 to INR 3,00,000, depending on the procedure and hospital.

Carotid artery disease is not just a concern for stroke prevention—it’s a key indicator of overall cardiovascular health. If you have risk factors for atherosclerosis, it’s essential to get screened and take proactive steps to protect your heart and brain.

For advanced diagnosis and treatment, consulting a vein specialist doctor near you can help determine the best course of action. Whether through lifestyle changes, medications, or surgical intervention, early management can prevent life-threatening complications.